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Bulking is the the increase in volume of geological material when rock and soil is excavated from its surface location. Bulking is influenced by the type of material and the excavation method and has implications for storing material in stockpiles on-site or moving it off-site.

Understanding the bulking factor is an important consideration in the civil engineering and extractive industries and can be used to help mange the footprint and volumes of excavated materials as well as calculate vehicle movements.