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Discontinuities within rocks and soils are an important factor in all engineering activities (i.e. breaks in the continuity of a rock mass that has the potential weaken mechanical strength).

Includes all stratification planes (bedding; layering; lamination), all foliation planes (fissility; cleavage; banding) and all fractures (joints; faults; fissures) as defined in BS5930 and ISRM. It does not include interfaces (other than stratification planes or depositional interfaces) and chemical-solution breaks (such as solution cavities).